CVE-2025-54919 · Windows Graphics Component Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

According to the CVSS metric, the attack complexity is high (AC:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability? Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to win a race condition.

According to the CVSS metric, a successful exploitation could lead to a scope change (S:C). What does this mean for this vulnerability? In this case, a successful attack could be performed from a low privilege Hyper-V guest. The attacker could traverse the guest's security boundary to execute code on the Hyper-V host execution environment.

According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is local (AV:L). Why does the CVE title indicate that this is a remote code execution? The word Remote in the title refers to the location of the attacker. This type of exploit is sometimes referred to as Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE). The attack itself is carried out locally. The vulnerable endpoint is only available over the local VM interface as all external communication is blocked. This means an attacker needs to execute code from the local machine to exploit the vulnerability.

According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is local (AV:L). Why does the CVE title indicate that this is a remote code execution? The word Remote in the title refers to the location of the attacker. This type of exploit is sometimes referred to as Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE). The attack itself is carried out locally. For example, when the score indicates that the Attack Vector is Local and User Interaction is Required, this could describe an exploit in which an attacker, through social engineering, convinces a victim to download and open a specially crafted file from a website which leads to a local attack on their computer.

According to the CVSS metric, user interaction is required (UI:R) and privileges required is Low (PR:L). What does that mean for this vulnerability? An authorized attacker with privileges could send controlled inputs to exploit this vulnerability.

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

According to the CVSS metric, privileges required is low (PR:L). What does that mean for this vulnerability? Any authenticated attacker could trigger this vulnerability. It does not require admin or other elevated privileges.